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2. Profiles of Tree Species: Asia 267 Ailanthus
integrifolia Simaroubaceae
ai lanit, kayu ruris, pohon langit, malasapsap,
balokas, makaisa, white siris
Distribution India
(Assam), Papua New Guinea (Bismark Archipelago), Solomon Islands, Viet Nam,
and all islands in Malesia except Java and the Lesser Sunda
Islands. Habitat Mixed
seasonal primary rainforest up to 900 m. Trees are scattered, never gregarious,
in valleys along streams and in open locations. It is
most often found on well-drained deep soils like fertile
sandy loams. Population status and
trends Although the species has a large distribution
it is rare in most regions. It is locally common in
New Guinea (Lemmens, Soerianegara and Wong, 1995). Role
of species in the ecosystem Threats
Utilisation The
wood is used for house building, furniture manufacture, paper pulp, fuel and
charcoal amongst other things. The leaves, bark, roots and
resin have medicinal properties. The leaves also provide
a black dye and the resin is burnt for its fragrance. Trade
The timber is sometimes traded together with similar timber
as mixed light-coloured hardwood. Japan
imports small amounts of white siris
mainly from Papua New Guinea but it is not thought to
be present in European trade (WCMC, 1991). In Papua New Guinea
logs fetch a minimum price of US$43/m³. IUCN
Conservation category LR/lc according to the
Asia Regional Workshop (WCMC, 1997). Conservation
measures A close relative of the tree
of heaven
(A.
altissima), this species is also widely planted.
Forest management and silviculture
The species is propagated by seed. Plantations have been developed
in certain areas, for example in Java and India, but
the timber is sourced from the wild in Papua New Guinea.
It is believed that the establishment of plantations may benefit from a taungya
system in which a low annual crop such as chilli or eggplant
is planted in the first year. The species is fast-growing.
Planted trees in Java showed an annual increment of 15m³/ha
in the first ten years. In India increments of 20m³/ha have been attained.
On suitable sites the timber may be harvested at 35-40
years. Natural regeneration of planted trees has been
observed to occur after four years but seed production is variable. In
the wild regeneration is poor in the shade but more successful in open weed-free
situations. In summary the species has great plantation development,
especially if seed production can be better controlled
(Lemmens, Soerianegara and Wong, 1995). References
Asia Regional Workshop. 1997. Discussions held during the Third
Regional Workshop for the WCMC/SSC Conservation
and sustainable
management of
trees project, Hanoi,
Viet Nam, 18-21 August 1997. Lemmens, R.H.M.J., Soerianegara,
I. & Wong, W.C. (Eds.) 1995. Plant Resources of South-East
Asia (PROSEA) 5(2) Timber Trees: Minor commercial timbers. Backhuys
Publishers, Leiden 655pp. WCMC. 1991. Provision of data
on rare and threatened tropical timber species. Unpublished
report, prepared under contract to the EC. WCMC. 1997.
Report on the Third Regional Workshop held at Hanoi, Viet Nam, 18- 21
August 1997WCMC/SSC Conservation and
sustainable management
of trees
project.